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94 pages 3 hours read

Efrén Divided

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2020

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Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Efrén Nava wakes from sleeping on the mattress he shares with his younger brother and sister, Max and Mia. He goes to the bathroom, his only sanctuary of privacy in the one-room apartment in which he and his siblings live with their parents, Amá and Apá. Efrén was born in America and is an American citizen, but both of his parents emigrated to the US from Mexico without approval; they are considered undocumented immigrants. Efrén likes to claim a few minutes of reading time in the tub before breakfast. Today he takes the tape strips from his ears, which he uses to train them to lay flatter against his head, then climbs into the tub. He is so tired, though, that he snoozes. His exhaustion results from waiting up for his mother to come home from her factory job, as he is worried about the reports and rumors of “various raids and stop points happening around town […] families being separated, kids put in cages” (4).

Efrén goes to the kitchen and admires the skills of his mother as she prepares sopes for breakfast. The sopes that morning are simply friend rounds of corn dough topped with cheese and leftover beans from dinner the night before, but Efrén thinks they are a wonderful breakfast. He recognizes how self-sacrificing Amá is, and how hard she tries in caring for him and his twin siblings; she foregoes taking a sope for herself, she irons all their school clothes and lays them out the night before; she hustles them along, so no one is late for school.

When a low-flying helicopter hovers nearby, the four of them go into “lockdown mode” (9). They lock doors and screens in case a raid is imminent. Nothing comes of this scare, and the four of them soon leave for the elementary school, where Ms. Solomon, a former teacher of Efrén’s, greets them. She mentions Max having a small behavior issue the day before (hiding in the room) and asks if Amá can give her a mole recipe for an upcoming date with a doctor. Amá decides to allow Efrén to continue on to his middle school alone, something she has never done. Efrén is excited to go solo. He observes the graffiti and fruit trees of Highland Street, and he pauses on the way to cuddle some kittens he finds in a tree, despite the allergic reaction he knows he will have.

Soon, Efrén meets up with David, a white boy who is his best friend. David enjoys hip-hop style, flashy colors, and today, his new fake diamond earrings (which he strongly suggests are real). David gives Efrén a ride on the handlebars of his bike. David invites Efrén to attend an early meeting at school with him; it is an organizational meeting for student elections. David plans to run for president. He says only Jennifer Huerta, a teachers’ pet and know-it-all, is also running for president, so he is sure to win. Efrén agrees to attend the meeting but turns down David’s idea that he should run for treasurer.

Chapter 2 Summary

Efrén heads into Ms. Salas’s room. She teaches the Leadership class and is in charge of the student election. She mentions how in past years many more than two candidates ran for school office; one year 11 students ran. She asks Efrén if he is certain about not running, and he tells her he came only to support his friend. Mrs. Salas offers conchas (bread rolls with sweet topping) to the boys. Jennifer Huerta and her friend Han Pham are in the room as well; only Jennifer is running. Efrén thinks Jennifer is pretty nice although she tends to correct others when they are wrong about something. Ms. Salas says the loser will be the vice president. Efrén thinks David has a chance since “Jennifer had a way of rubbing student the wrong way” (23).

After the meeting, Efrén and David rush to Mr. Garrett’s history class. Mr. Garrett used to be a creative and energetic teacher, earning a teacher of the year designation just the year before. Now, though, he is moody and disinterested in teaching, evidenced by his bare room and unengaging assignments. Mr. Garrett sips coffee and works on Sudoku puzzles as the students start an article assignment on their Chromebook tablets. David passes Efrén a cartoon that shows Mr. Garrett sleeping and Jennifer Huerta requesting more homework.

At breaktime, Efrén goes to the school library. He enjoys the atmosphere and loves books new to him as well as books he already read. Today, a book’s title reminds him of the fruit trees on his walk to school: The House on Mango Street. Jennifer Huerta approaches and tells him it is her favorite book. They discuss books and reading; then their conversation turns to the election. Jennifer says she is running because she wants to “make a difference, even if just at school” (31). She feels strongly about the situation many families face in their community and reveals to Efrén that her mother is in America without authorization. Efrén shares that his parents are as well. He reassures her that he will not tell and checks out Jennifer’s favorite book.

Later, at lunch, Efrén and his friends watch David play on a gaming device. Efrén reflects how he might have his own device if Apá had gotten a bonus for working hard instead of needing emergency appendix surgery in the last year. Right after school, David wants Efrén’s help with campaign posters. He convinces Efrén to hang posters in the girls’ bathroom stalls that read “DON’T GO NUMBER TWO. VOTE FOR DAVID AND GO NUMBER ONE!” (35). Efrén discovers, though, that Jennifer beat David to this idea with similar posters already up. David wants to trim the size of his nose in the poster’s cartoon with Wite-Out. The two hide when they hear someone coming, then leave when the person locks themselves in a stall and begins to cry. On the way out, Efrén sees from the pink rolling backpack under the stall that the crying girl is Jennifer.

When Efrén gets home, he is puzzled because Amá is not there. He tries to read, thinking that maybe Amá took the twins to the playground, but he soon notices their coats in the apartment. He goes to the playground to see for himself. They are not there, and Efrén runs home. He sees a note from a neighbor, Doña Chana, saying that Ms. Solomon brought the twins home and Doña Chana has them. She tells Efrén after sending the twins to watch TV that Amá called to say ICE arrested her and others at the factory during a raid. Doña Chana says she already left a message for Apá. Efrén sits stunned while Doña Chana lights a candle with a saint on the jar.

Chapter 3 Summary

When Apá finally comes home from work, the twins are still awake. He plays with them briefly while Efrén waits to talk to him. Mia asks where Amá is, and Apá tells her she went to visit Aunt Martha. Efrén thinks about how no one deported from their neighborhood returns. He knows the ICE raids are worsening all over—statewide and around the country too—and sees the evidence of it in the way Apá no longer takes them on trips out of their town (to avoid checkpoints). One night the family went to Denny’s for dinner and ended up across the aisle from two uniformed ICE officials. Efrén recalls how fearful his parents were as they tried to pretend that everything was fun and normal.

After Efrén helps get the twins into bed, he sits to talk with Apá, but the phone rings. It is Amá. Apá talks to her briefly, then gives Efrén the phone. Amá says she is fine, but Efrén hears her sniffling. ICE will send her back to Mexico the next day. She says she will return soon and asks Efrén to mind the twins. Efrén promises to do so. He lies awake that night, thinking about his mother and the way she says a prayer and runs her fingers through his hair when he cannot sleep.

Chapter 4 Summary

Early in the morning, Apá awakens Efrén before leaving for work. Efrén reassures Apá that he can get the twins to school. Apá gives Efrén 20 dollars for food. Apá tells Efrén he will try to arrange for a coyote who can bring Amá safely back across the border into the US. He says he must borrow money from a friend at work to make it happen. Efrén tries dutifully to cook dough with cinnamon sugar in oil for the twins’ breakfast, but it is a disaster; oil spatters and he burns his hand. He ends up taking them for the free breakfast at school.

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

Efrén is an immediately likable character whose closeness to his family members parallels his sincere appreciation for them—especially for his mother. He gleefully plays on the “Soperwoman” pun in his head as Amá makes delicious sopes on the morning the story opens. To Efrén, Amá is a superhero not only because she can touch the pan and flip tortillas without burning herself, but because she takes minimal food for herself, irons their clothes when she must be tired of ironing at work and tends to all the physical and emotional needs of the household. His closeness to and his respect for Amá provide an effective emotional foundation on which to establish the conflict of her deportation and all the challenges for Efrén that ensue because of it.

His worry about his parents’ immigration status is a daily and constant pressure, codified by reports he hears from other neighborhood individuals as well as news programs reporting on state and national crackdowns. ICE and la migra are scary but common vocabulary in Efrén’s interior monologue with himself; when the helicopter flies low nearby, for example, he knows his assigned actions to lock down the home. Efrén’s worry becomes reality when Amá is picked up for deportation in Chapter 2, the novel’s inciting incident. Now deeply afraid, Efrén jumps into the role of caretaker for his siblings, not just because Amá and Apá need him to, but because he has so little control over what is happening that he seeks to both distract himself and to exert control when and where he can. Unfortunately, Efrén’s first solo venture into childcare results in a burned hand (in juxtaposition to Amá’s hands that do not burn even when she touches the skillet surface) and the free school breakfast Amá usually turns down.

Efrén, though, shows a resilient spirit and a strong optimism despite his worry, sleeplessness, and fear; he must present a positive outlook for the sake of the twins, and he wants Apá to at least be relieved of the burden of worrying about them, as he is consumed with worry for Amá. Apá, Amá, and Doña Chana all insist Amá will return home soon, but Efrén’s doubts keep him awake at night; he is a smart, intuitive boy, and too mature to ignore the dangers. His hope, however, is strong, and it propels him into tending to the twins with a positive attitude and in good spirits.

Outside of his family’s apartment, Efrén shows proof of two allies his age: David and Jennifer. David is a strong foil to Efrén’s demure and quiet personality, as David is loud both vocally and in terms of style; he evokes a confidence Efrén does not show. Efrén becomes quick friends with Jennifer over talk of books and the election. In so doing, because of the election campaign and its opposing sides, Efrén heads toward a potential conflict in his friendships with David and Jennifer in turn.

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