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Narrator Klara is an AF (Artificial Friend) android, available for sale in an AF store. AFs are sold to wealthy families to help socialize children, who have few opportunities to play together. From the middle of the store, Klara can see buildings, the sun, and “Beggar Man and his dog” (3) through the window. AFs are solar-powered, and Klara is acutely aware of the sun’s position and “nourishment.” Rex, another AF, tells Klara to touch the “sun’s pattern” (4) on the floor and teases her when it goes away. Rex is moved to the front window, and Klara notices a young girl admiring him. She speculates to her friend and fellow AF Rosa, “She’s going to choose him! She loves him. He’s so lucky!” (6). The girl’s mother, however, mentions that Rex and Klara’s model, the B2 third series, have “solar absorption problems” (6), and they leave the store.
Klara and Rosa are moved to the store’s display window. Klara is curious about the outside world. She enjoys examining the buildings and observing pedestrians. Klara is particularly observant, sharing her thoughts on pedestrians’ emotional signals with Rosa and Manager. Rosa is uninterested, but Manager remarks on Klara’s insight: “Klara, you’re quite remarkable. […] You notice and absorb so much” (10).
Josie comes to the store on Klara’s fourth day in the window. She smiles and talks to Klara from outside, and Klara smiles and responds in pantomime. Josie tells Klara that she caught her eye when they passed earlier and promises that Klara would be able to see where the sun sets from her house. Josie’s mother, Chrissy, gets out of her taxi and leaves with Josie, who promises Klara that she’ll come back.
Klara notices that AFs tend to avoid the store when they pass by. She also notices when people are unhappy or tense, and when passing children or teenagers are unhappy with their AFs. One day, Klara and Rosa witness a fistfight between two taxi drivers, and Rosa erroneously believes that the two drivers were “playing.” Later, a woman Klara calls “Coffee Cup Lady” recognizes a man across the street, and they embrace. Klara notes the intense mix of emotions on Coffee Cup Lady’s face. A week later, Josie returns to the window and asks Klara if she’d like to be her AF, promising that she would enjoy living in her house, despite the fact that “some days I’m not so well” (26). Klara likes Josie and signals affirmation through the glass. Josie promises to come back the next day but doesn’t. Klara and Rosa are removed from the window and replaced with three B3 AFs. Klara senses that Manager is disappointed, though she doesn’t say it.
From inside the store, Klara sees the “Cootings Machine” in a construction area on the street. The Cootings Machine is an industrial apparatus which expels “pollution” from three smoke stacks. The machine’s exhaust is a nuisance due to its proximity to the storefront, and Klara resents that the smoke blocks the sun. After several days, the Cootings Machine is gone. Two days later, a girl with short hair comes into the store and holds Klara’s hand, but Klara doesn’t smile at her. Manager notices Klara’s reaction to the girl and sells her and her father a B3, the newest model of AF. However, Manager tells Klara that she won’t cover for her again, and that AFs are not supposed to discriminate between children. Rosa is eventually bought, and more AFs come and go from the store. The newer boy B3 AFs are rude to the older boy AFs, and Klara wonders how they could be considered an improvement.
Manager puts Klara in the front window again. She notices the beggar and his dog motionless on the sidewalk and assumes they are dead. Later, however, they wake up and rise, and Klara concludes that the sun has a “special kind of nourishment” (38) that can heal the sick.
After 10 days in the window, Klara is moved to the rear alcove. Josie comes into the store with Chrissy. They don’t see Klara, but Manager shows them to her upon hearing Josie’s description. To test her observational skills, Chrissy asks Klara questions about Josie’s eyes and voice. She asks Klara to replicate Josie’s walk, which Klara does well. Chrissy and Josie buy Klara.
Klara and the Sun is the story of Klara’s experience as Josie’s Artificial Friend, but Klara’s time in the AF store is important for both exposition and plot development. In Part 1, readers learn about AFs externally and internally, as AI programmed with unique personalities and as commodities in the novel's particular economic and cultural environment. Klara’s encounters with Josie and Chrissy at the store foreshadow key elements of their relationships. Meanwhile, what she sees from the store window—the Cootings Machine, the beggar and his dog, and Coffee Cup Lady—all influence her future actions.
While the production and programming of AFs is never explicitly outlined, Klara’s time in the store is a metaphor for childhood. She is equipped from the start with various abilities, but she is also designed to learn and observe. Because they are her first experiences in the world, the things Klara witnesses while in the store shape her understanding and actions for the rest of the novel. She observes and learns from anecdotal evidence. Much like humans, the assumptions she makes based on her observations are correct at times and incorrect at others. For an AF, Klara is particularly adept at analyzing human emotions; she is able to recognize the animosity between the taxi drivers fighting, while Rosa is not. She also makes huge errors, as in the case of the napping beggar, who she mistakenly believes is dead. Klara is surprised when a customer mentions the “solar absorption problems” (6) of AF Rex’s model in front of him, indicating that she and other AFs can have their feelings hurt.
Klara’s narration demonstrates a spectrum of understanding and feeling. On one hand, Ishiguro’s AFs display traits typical of computers and AI, both real and in other works of science fiction. They perceive the world visually as an array of boxes. They label and inventory people and objects with simple naming conventions (i.e. “Manager,” “RPO Building,” “Coffee Cup Lady”), and process observations with logical reasoning. It becomes clear quickly, however, that Klara is not an unfeeling “robot.” She has feelings and emotional responses, and she watches other AFs perform seemingly irrational, humanlike actions. The subtle disrespect that the new B3 Boy AFs have for their older models and the tendency for AFs in the outside world to avoid walking close to the store both hint that the “unique qualities” (43) of AFs include some degree of irrationality, imperfection, and preference.
From the first page on, the sun is important and mysterious to Klara. She first refers to it as “the Sun on his journey” (3), establishing its role as an allegorical symbol for God. AFs are solar-powered, and while there is no indication that time out of the sun causes any technical problems, Klara feels better in the window than in the back of the store. Because the sun is so important to her, she assumes that it affects everything around her, leading to her conclusions that the sun’s nourishment healed the beggar and his dog and that the sun is offended by the Cootings Machine’s smog.
The world of Klara and the Sun, which is ostensibly somewhere in the United States in the near future, has particularly stark class divides. In Part 1, the Manager tells Klara, “[T]here are many children out there who would love to be able to choose you, […] but it’s not possible for them. You’re beyond their reach” (11). The first time Josie talks to Klara in the window, Chrissy talks for a while in an idling taxi with someone, an “expensive way to talk” (12). Thus readers learn that AFs are only available as a luxury for wealthy families.
Klara’s first interactions with Josie and Chrissy foreshadow the forces that shape their lives together through the rest of the novel. Josie recognizes and mentions her own sickness to Klara, and Klara notices her slight limp. Chrissy asks Klara to imitate Josie’s walk at the end of Part 1, the first indication of Chrissy and Mr. Capaldi’s eventual plan to use Klara’s AI as a replacement for Josie in the event of her death.
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