112 pages • 3 hours read
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Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
“The Tradition” by Jericho Brown
Introduction by Jesmyn Ward
“Homegoing, AD” by Kima Jones
“The Weight” by Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah
“Lonely in America” by Wendy S. Walters
“Where Do We Go from Here?” by Isabel Wilkerson
“‘The Dear Pledges of Our Love’: A Defense of Phillis Wheatley’s Husband” by Honorée Fanonne Jeffers
“White Rage” by Carol Anderson
“Cracking the Code” by Jesmyn Ward
“Queries of Unrest” by Clint Smith
“Blacker Than Thou” by Kevin Young
“Da Art of Storytellin’ (a Prequel)” by Kiese Laymon
“Black and Blue” by Garnette Cadogan
“The Condition of Black Life Is One of Mourning” by Claudia Rankine
“Know Your Rights!” by Emily Raboteau
“Composite Pops” by Mitchell S. Jackson
“Theories of Time and Space” by Natasha Trethewey
“This Far: Notes on Love and Revolution” by Daniel José Older
“Message to My Daughters” by Edwidge Danticat
Key Figures
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Ward reacts to the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin by George Zimmerman on February 26, 2012, and seeks solidarity for her grief on Twitter. She reads responses to Trayvon’s death online in the midst of her pregnancy while editing a book. Ward is surprised that no one else sees Trayvon as a child.
She realizes how Trayvon’s black identity biases most Americans against him and draws their attention to his most rebellious habits. Ward identifies with the claustrophobia of Trayvon’s life in the South, where the legacy of slavery persists and continues to breed prejudice.
Ward describes Senator Trent Lott from her home state, Mississippi. Lott supported Senator Strom Thurmond’s filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1957, and Ward recalls meeting Lott years earlier. The only black student in the group, Ward watched Lott snap a long whip in the air. She writes, “I remember the experience in my bones” (6).
She compares the devaluation of her black identity with a “dark twin” (6). She lists the other dark twins the public ascribes to murdered black Americans such as Trayvon, Tamir Rice, Michael Brown, Sandra Bland, and Emmett Till. Although the mechanisms of racial prejudice may have changed, racism itself has not.
Ward, finding online outlets too overwhelming and fleeting, finds solace in James Baldwin’s work. She discovered him in her twenties and devoured his words for their power, poetry, and relevance. Now, in the wake of Trayvon’s death, James Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time comforts Ward and inspires her to assemble this anthology.
Ward wants to reach black youth across the country with this book and to reassure them. She wants the book to be a record of the grief, anger, perspective, and compassion of her community. Writing of a hypothetical reader, Ward paraphrases Baldwin as she says, “We want to tell her this: You matter. I love you. Please don’t forget it” (8).
Although Ward intended to structure this anthology according to time like Baldwin structured The Fire This Time, few of the pieces she receives focus on the future; most focus on the past and present. This phenomenon shows Ward how writers must discuss America’s past to respond to current events. It also shows her a general fatigue with discussions about the future of black life in the United States, which anticipate the recurrence of past horrors. Ward finds hope in the anthology’s pieces that do reference the future and wonders if she could speak to the children in her life with those writers’ words.
Ward also finds hope in the entire anthology, for she believes in the assertion of these stories and ideas as a means of connection. She wonders if racist readers might change their perspective after reading a piece from The Fire This Time.
An excerpt from Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time details the deep, pervasive traumas of the black experience. He states that these traumas, although terrible, contain beauty. Baldwin expresses hope that willing black and white people might “end the racial nightmare” (11), but otherwise doom might befall the nation.
The intention of this book is for readers to connect with the writers featured inside. Ward expresses hope in a future where black Americans can live whole lives without the constant threat of racially motivated violence.
Jesmyn Ward’s Introduction explains the intention and inspiration behind making The Fire This Time. In an era of fear and danger, when African Americans like Trayvon Martin can be killed simply for walking down the street, Ward finds solidarity in the voice of the collective. Seventeen-year-old Trayvon Martin was walking through a residential area in Sanford, Florida, on the evening of February 26, 2012, when white neighborhood watchman George Zimmerman noticed and followed him. A physical fight ensued, and Zimmerman fatally shot Martin, who was unarmed. The incident attracted widespread debates about racial profiling. Zimmerman was found not guilty in a trial the following year.
Ward finds temporary comfort in the outpouring on Twitter following Martin’s death, but more lasting solace comes both from the work of James Baldwin and the assembly of writers she gathers for this anthology. In joining their voices, she hopes to reach out to young black Americans who might fear for their lives and feel alone in their experiences. Ward writes of an imagined reader, “In the pages she would find a wise aunt, a more present mother, who [sees] her terror and despair threading their fingers through her hair, and would comfort her” (8). Baldwin shared this parental voice in his writing about racial injustice, which comforts not only Ward but many of the other writers in the book as well. His words will continue to recur throughout the anthology.
Ward also explains the anthology’s structure, inspired by that of Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time. She acknowledges what several other works in the book also acknowledge: the present lives in the past. Events like the Charleston shooting and the death of Michael Brown, viewed from a historical perspective, are rooted in the legacy of American slavery. This dehumanizing institution infused the United States with a belief that African Americans are less capable, less “valuable,” and less human than other Americans.
Today, institutions and individuals alike treat black people with suspicion, discrimination, and violence. Ward locates poisonous stereotypes in depictions of Trayvon Martin, portrayed by some online groups “as some kind of ravenous hoodlum, perpetually at the mercy of his animalistic instincts” (4). She also lists skewed perceptions of Tamir Rice, Michael Brown, Sandra Bland, and Emmett Till, each villainized in death.
Considering America’s history can make one wary, if not despairing, about the future. However, a few of the writers, particularly those of the “Jubilee” section of the anthology, find reasons to expect good in the midst of trouble. Ward herself admits to taking hope in the words of her fellow writers, although she wonders if this feeling is naive. However, she finds resonance in Baldwin, whose The Fire Next Time ends with a gesture toward a future beyond systemic racial prejudice. Baldwin writes, “If we [...] do not falter in our duty now, we may be able, handful that we are, to end the racial nightmare, and achieve our country, and change the history of the world” (11). The anthology’s writers will go on to echo that call in their own ways, encouraging readers toward activism, education, and unity.
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By Jesmyn Ward