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In The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, communication is an important symbol of well-being. John can’t deeply communicate with anyone who doesn’t know sign language, so the absence of Spiros in his life cuts him off from the lifeline of communication. Without Spiros, John has no one with whom he can share his life and express himself. Communication requires an interlocutor, but John has no one to reciprocate his form of communication. This drives him to a loneliness so deep it becomes depression. Mick has her own form of communication in music, but she struggles to write down her music, yet another example of the difficult but important process of communication. It is difficult for the characters to communicate eloquently or fully—all characters in this novel struggle saying what they truly mean. This conflict is indicative of the conflict between interior and exterior identities. Healthy communication between one’s internal and external lives helps develop meaningful communication with others. Communication therefore lies at the heart of loneliness—both external isolation and internal solitude.
Music is a symbol of inner peace. While most characters feel tortured by their loneliness, Mick finds comfort in the way music soothes her worries. Mick is lonely because she is alone with her music, but music helps Mick cope with the difficulties of her life. Her internal music is always with her, guiding her through turbulent times. Mick desperately wants to express herself through music, but until she learns how to write her music down or perform on an instrument, she is isolated with her music. That her music is the one thing that no one else in her life can negatively impact, the internal radio and her passion for music are symbolic of her bright hope and resilience.
McCullers’s unnamed town is set in Georgia in the 1930s. The setting of this novel functions as a symbol of its own as the weather is important to the moods and relative loneliness of the characters. In harsh winters, characters are in a battle against their environment. Georgian summers are notoriously hot, which makes the character languorous and sad. The town is important to the story because it is a microcosm of the larger world. McCullers novel is about the South, and her setting is intentionally prototypical: It could be any Southern town, just as the characters are archetypes that represent the various worldviews, identities, and backgrounds that one finds in the South. McCullers celebrates the intimacies of small-town life while at the same time showing that mysteries and miscommunications still exist even in a place where everyone knows one another.
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