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57 pages 1 hour read

The Two Towers

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1954

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Book 4, Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 4, Chapter 1 Summary: “The Taming of Sméagol”

Frodo and Sam make their way through the stony and confusing maze of hills known as the Emyn Muil. Frodo worries that they have been delayed by the difficult terrain. The hobbits come to a cliff that they will need to climb down in order to leave the Emyn Muil and enter into the marsh beyond it on their journey toward Mordor. Frodo attempts to climb down the cliff, but falls to a ledge when a Nazgûl scream rings out from above them. Frodo seems to be momentarily blinded in the dark, but Sam remembers the Elven rope he took from Lothlorien and lowers it down to Frodo.

The two of them manage to climb down to the base of the cliff using the rope. Sam is reluctant to leave the rope, worrying that Gollum, who has been following them, will be able to easily use it as well. He tugs on the rope once and it unties itself and falls into his hand. Frodo worries that Sam’s knot was unsound, but Sam is confident that the Elven rope came because he called it.

The hobbits rest for the evening in a gully under the light of the moon and stars. They feel better because of the moonlight. As they prepare to sleep, Frodo notices Gollum pursuing them, climbing down the cliff face like a spider. They overhear him talking to himself. When he approaches their camp, the hobbits ambush Gollum and overpower him. However, Frodo pities Gollum too much to simply kill him and instead proposes that Gollum should help to guide them to Mordor.

Gollum attempts to escape, but Sam ties him up using the rope. However, Gollum screams that the Elvish material burns him and begs to be freed. Frodo forces him to swear an oath on the Ring, which Gollum senses they are carrying. He tells Gollum that they are not going to give the Ring to Sauron and has Gollum promise to serve the master of the Ring. Sam notices that Frodo and Gollum seem to have a deep understanding. After the oath, Gollum offers to lead the hobbits through the marshes on a secret path that only he has discovered.

Book 4, Chapter 2 Summary: “The Passage of the Marshes”

Gollum leads Frodo and Sam into the marshes, traveling by night so that they cannot be seen as easily from a distance. Gollum is hungry, but he finds the lembas bread disgusting when Frodo offers him some. He wants to find fish to eat instead, although Frodo suggests that eating the Elven food might do him good if he eventually grows to tolerate it. When they stop to rest, Sam is worried about Gollum running away or harming them in the night and decides to stay up on watch. However, he falls asleep accidentally and Gollum is still there in the morning.

As Frodo and Sam travel across the marshes, they begin to see strange lights in the fog, which Gollum calls corpse-lights. By the strange lights, Frodo sees dead, rotting faces underneath the water. Gollum explains that a great battle was once fought here centuries ago between men, Elves, and Sauron’s Orcs. Frodo doubts that the bodies could have been preserved for so long, but Gollum ascribes that to the magic of the lights. As they walk, Frodo begins to fall behind. The Ring has become like a heavy weight around his neck and he is burdened by the feeling of being watched by a hostile presence, which he refers to as “the Eye.”

Overhead, another Nazgûl flies above them and screams before returning to Mordor. Gollum worries that they have been seen. They reach the edge of the marsh and enter into a desolate wasteland that marks the entrance to Mordor. When they stop to sleep, Sam overhears Gollum talking to himself. He has divided his personality between Gollum, who urges him to steal the Ring and run away, and Sméagol, who does not want to hurt Frodo because he has shown kindness to him. The Gollum persona persuades the Sméagol side to bring Frodo and Sam to someone else, referred to only as “her.”

The hobbits approach the entrance of Mordor. Gollum wishes to flee, but Frodo draws his sword and forces Gollum to continue to guide them toward the Black Gate.

Book 4, Chapter 3 Summary: “The Black Gate Is Closed”

Frodo, Sam, and Gollum arrive at the gate of Mordor. They see that the mountains that surround Mordor are tall and impassable, guarded by orcs who live in their caves. There is a passage through the mountains, but it is guarded by watchtowers and closed by an iron gate patrolled constantly. Gollum warns the hobbits that it is hopeless to try to enter Mordor, but Frodo is determined to go and Sam refuses to abandon Frodo.

They watch as the gate of Mordor opens to allow in an army of men from the east who have sided with Sauron. Gollum admits that he knows of another way into Mordor and he will lead them there so that they are not immediately captured by Orcs trying to enter the gate. Frodo is skeptical, warning Gollum that he knows the creature is scheming to retake the Ring. Frodo sternly tells him that he will never get the Ring back and that he could easily command Gollum to throw himself into fire using the Ring’s power. Gollum is terrified into submission.

Gollum describes a passage into Mordor that goes past Cirith Ungol, a former mountain pass stronghold of Gondor that has been taken over by Sauron and corrupted. He claims that the mountains are less tall there and that they can climb a stair up to find a secret tunnel that will lead into Mordor. Sam and Frodo are concerned that such a passage would also be heavily guarded, and Gollum answers ambiguously, eventually admitting that the tunnel is dangerous, but not patrolled by an Orc army.

While they debate, another army from the south arrives to join Sauron’s forces. Sam hopes that the southerners will have brought “oliphaunts,” enormous grey animals that he has heard legends about. Frodo finally decides that they will try Gollum’s suggested passage into Mordor, and the group settles down to rest for the remainder of the daylight.

Book 4, Chapters 1-3 Analysis

The second half of The Two Towers focuses on Frodo and Sam’s perspective as they journey toward Mordor. These chapters show their increasing hopelessness as they approach the desolate and dangerous landscape of Sauron’s dominion. Particularly significant is the character of Gollum, who appears to be a malevolent creature, and yet his role in guiding them means that he substantially helps the side of good. Gollum’s transformation from enemy into ally suggests that fate sometimes works in unexpected ways and that mercy even for the undeserving will therefore pay off in the end, reflecting the theme of Warfare Versus Heroism.

Warfare Versus Heroism is also invoked by Frodo’s inner struggles. Much of these chapters reveals that Frodo is increasingly certain that he will not survive the quest to destroy the Ring and that the odds they face are near to impossible. When Sam is worrying about rationing their food for the return journey, Frodo finally acknowledges his belief that the destruction of the Ring will be so difficult that he is unlikely to survive: “If the One goes into the Fire, and we are at hand? I ask you, Sam, are we ever likely to need bread again? I think not. If we can nurse our limbs to bring us to Mount Doom, that is all we can do” (610). While other hobbit characters like Sam, Merry, and Pippin still seek out small comforts while on their adventures, Frodo seems to have a more sober perspective on the risks he must take. His determination to sacrifice himself anyway emphasizes his quiet heroism.

Frodo and Sam’s journey to Mordor depicts the natural world itself becoming more and more corrupted and dangerous due to the dark power of Sauron. The danger therefore comes from the landscape itself, as well as Sauron’s army of Orcs. While Merry and Pippin’s meeting with Treebeard shows the beneficial power of nature, Frodo and Sam instead find an environment that is hostile and as evil as its inhabitants. For example, when they approach the Black Gate, they observe:

[T]hey had come to the desolation that lay before Mordor: the lasting monument to the dark labour of its slaves that should endure when all their purposes were made void; a land defiled, diseased beyond all healing—unless the Great Sea should enter in and wash it with oblivion (617, emphasis added).

Tolkien makes it clear that Sauron’s influence has eliminated any chance of nature helping Frodo and Sam as it does Merry and Pippin.

While Frodo and Sam appear to be in a desperate situation, they are unexpectedly aided by Gollum. Gollum is written as a malicious yet pathetic character, desiring the Ring for himself rather than serving Sauron. While Sam points out that Gollum would murder them and steal the Ring if he believed he could escape with it, Frodo appears to have more sympathy for Gollum, hinting that Frodo has empathy for Gollum’s suffering as a fellow bearer of the Ring.

Frodo attempts to reform Gollum, encouraging him to eat more wholesome food and to renounce any thought of reclaiming the Ring, telling him, “[D]o not let that thought grow in you! You will never get it back. But the desire of it may betray you to a bitter end” (626). Frodo’s empathy for Gollum initially seems foolish and naïve to Sam, but his dialogue here indicates the subtle importance of Frodo’s choice to trust Gollum. While Gollum will eventually die a bitter death trying to reclaim the Ring, his actions will ironically lead to the Ring’s destruction. Through the dynamic between Frodo and Gollum, Tolkien foreshadows this future development and implies that even wicked characters can act in the service of eventual good.

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